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Identification and ecotoxicity assessment of intermediates generated during the degradation of clofibric acid by advanced oxidation processes

Wenzhen LI, Yu DING, Qian SUI, Shuguang LU, Zhaofu QIU, Kuangfei LIN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 445-454 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0419-6

Abstract: The acute toxicity was evaluated by means of T spp. bioassay.

Keywords： clofibric acid     advanced oxidation processes     intermediates     toxicity     <italic>Photobacterium phosphoreumitalic> T<sub>3sub> spp    

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The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 457-463 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0512-5

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction of NO by H in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over Pt/Al O catalysts pre-treated under different conditions. Catalyst preparation conditions exert significant influence on the catalytic performance, and the catalyst pre-treated by H or H then followed by O is much more active than that pre-treated by air. The higher surface area and the presence of metallic Pt over Pt/Al O pre-treated by H or pretreated by H then followed by O can contribute to the formation of NO , which then promotes the reaction to proceed at low temperatures.

Keywords： NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub> reduction     Pt/Al<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>     preparation condition     H<sub>2sub>-SCR    

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Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish

Hongyan SHEN, Jixi GAO, Jinsheng WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 518-523 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0427-6

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological response of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline to the key fish species, . A freshwater fish bioassay based on the 96 h was used to estimate the single and joint toxicity of the two chemicals. The toxicity of -nitrotoluene was greater than that of -nitroaniline based on 96 h values of 40.74 mg·L and 48.99 mg·L , respectively. Both compounds had moderate toxicity toward , and this toxicity increased with the exposure duration and concentration. Binary mixtures of the compounds were more toxic than the individual compounds at 96 h, and they acted upon partial addition. When the exposure time was longer, the toxicity increased for mixtures of compounds with the same concentration or toxicity. The results of this study suggest that exposure to a combination of these chemicals would result in a higher environmental risk in aquatic systems than exposure to either compound alone. Further research is needed to investigate the combined effects and sublethal toxicity of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline, since they are both still used in China.

Keywords： joint toxicity     <italic>Cyprinus carpioitalic>     <italic>LCitalic><sub>50sub>     <italic>pitalic>-nitrotoluene     <italic>pitalic>-nitroaniline     toxic unit    

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Synthesis of

Lili ZHANG, Ming LIU, Shijun MA, Yaodong HUANG, Yongmei WANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 408-414 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1343-4

Abstract: primary-secondary diamines were synthesized via the reaction of ( , )-1,2-diphenyl ethylene diamine with 3,5The combination of the ligand from 3,5-ditert-butyl salicylaldehyde with CuBr could effciently catalyze

Keywords： enantioselective Henry reaction     <italic>Citalic><sub>1sub>-symmetric diamines     asymmetric reaction    

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Effects of different sediment fractions on sorption of galaxolide

Lixia JIN, Mengchang HE, Jinghuan ZHANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0259-1

Abstract: Sorption isotherms of galaxolide (HHCB) of different fractions from two sediments with different mineral and organic carbon contents were determined to compare HHCB sorption behavior and contribution to the total sorption. The HHCB sorption isotherms that used the batch equilibration method were studied on different sediments of different fractions. The sorption isotherms of 600°C heating fractions were detailed using the linear model, while the other fractions were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removed, NaOH extracted, and 375°C heating fractions showed more nonlinear sorption than the original sediments, which suggested more heterogeneous sorption sites in these fractions. Compared to the original sediments, the 375°C heating fractions had higher carbon-normalized distribution coefficient ( ) values, indicating a higher sorption affinity for HHCB. Among the different sediment fractions, the contribution of the 600°C heating fractions to the overall sorption were the lowest (<20%), while the 375°C heating fractions were the highest (up to 85%).

Keywords： galaxolide (HHCB)     sorption     organic carbon     sediment     carbon-normalized distribution coefficient (<italic>Kitalic><sub>ocsub>)    

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Separation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from crude tea polyphenols by using Cellulose diacetate graft

Hong ZHU, Peiyong QIN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 330-338 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1104-6

Abstract: asymmetric membrane prepared by a phase inversion technique for the separation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-

Keywords： (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)     tea polyphenols     CDA-<italic>βitalic>-CD    

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Ductile extension of 3-D external circumferential cracks in pipe structures

Wuchao YANG, Xudong QIAN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 294-303 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0115-9

Abstract: This study investigates the ductile fracture resistance of 3-D external circumferential cracks in theThe fracture resistance along the 3-D semi-elliptical crack front is computed from the calibrated cellequivalent 2-D axi-symmetric model provides conservative estimations of the fracture resistance for 3-

Keywords： ductile fracture     computational cell method     G-T model     <italic>J-Ritalic> curve    

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H<sub>∞sub> control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

Yundong SHI, Tracy C BECKER, Masahiro KURATA, Masayoshi NAKASHIMA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 264-275 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0214-x

Abstract: A floor isolation system installed in a single floor or room in a fixed base structure is designed to protect equipment. With this configuration, the input motions to the floor isolation from the ground motions are filtered by the structure, leaving the majority of the frequency content of the input motion lower than the predominant frequency of the structure. The floor isolation system should minimize the acceleration to protect equipment; however, displacement must also be limited to save floor space, especially with long period motion. Semi-active control with an control was adopted for the floor isolation system and a new input shaping filter was developed to account for the input motion characteristics and enhance the effectiveness of the control. A series of shake table tests for a semi-active floor isolation system using rolling pendulum isolators and a magnetic-rheological damper were performed to validate the control. Passive control using an oil damper was also tested for comparison. The test results show that the control effectively reduced acceleration for short period motions with frequencies close to the predominant frequency of the structure, as well as effectively reduced displacement for long period motions with frequencies close to the natural frequency of the floor isolation system. The control algorithm proved to be more advantageous than passive control because of its capacity to adjust control strategies according to the different motion frequency characteristics.

Keywords： semi-active     floor isolation     <italic>Hitalic><sub>∞sub> control     MR damper     shaping filter     shaking table    

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Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 151-157 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0482-7

Abstract: XAD resins and a series of ultra-filtration membranes with molecular weight (MW) cut-offs of 5k Da, 3k

Keywords： <italic>Nitalic>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)     disinfection by-product     dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC)     hydrophilic     molecular weight (MW)     specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA<sub>254sub>)    

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Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 404-410 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0513-x

Abstract: The residual gas and remained raw gas in dual gas resources polygeneration system are quite complex in components (mainly CH , CO, and H ), and these results to the distinguished differences in combustion reaction. Experimental investigations on basic combustion characteristics of syngas referred above are conducted on a laboratory-scale combustor with flame temperature and flue gas composition measured and analyzed. Primary air coefficient (PA), total air coefficient (TA), and components of the syngas (CS) are selected as key factors, and it is found that PA dominates mostly the ignition of syngas and NO formation, while TA affects the flue gas temperature after high temperature region and NO formation trend to be positive as H /CO components increase. The results provide references for industrial utilization.

Keywords： dual gas resources polygeneration     lean premixed combustion     residual gas     remained raw gas     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub> emission    

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Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 523-528 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0520-y

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a major commercial technology for NO removal in power plants. There are a lot of complex chemical reactions in SCR reactors, and it is of great significance to understand the internal process of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO and study the impact of various factors on NO removal efficiency. In this paper, the impact of reaction temperature, ammonia-nitrogen molar ratio and resident time in the catalyst bed layer on NO removal efficiency were studied by simulation of chemical reactions. Then calculated results were compared with catalyst activity test data in a power plant, which proved that the simulated results were accurate. As a result, the reaction conditions were optimized in order to get the best removal efficiency of NO, so that we can provide a reference for optimal running of SCR in power plants.

Keywords： SCR     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>     removal efficiency     chemical reactions     simulation    

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A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 119-126 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0226-6

Abstract: DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d) level indicate that HCN can be oxidized by hydroxide groups inthree paths, HCN+OH→HOCN+H (path 1), HCN+OH→HNCO+H (path 2), and HCN+OH→CN+H O (path 3).The rate limiting steps for path 1, path 2 and path 3 are IM2→P1+H (170.66 kJ/mol activated energy),IM1→IM3 (231.04 kJ/mol activated energy), and R1+OH→P3+H O (97.14 kJ/mol activated energy), respectively

Keywords： transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)     density functional theory (DFT)     homogeneous reaction mechanism     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>    

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Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 98-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0171-4

Abstract: By the end of 2010, China had approximately 650 GW of coal-fired electric generating capacity producing almost 75% of the country’s total electricity generation. As a result of the heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation, emissions of air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NO ), are increasing. To address these growing emissions, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) has introduced new NO emission control policies to encourage the installation of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technologies on a large number of coal-fired electric power plants. There is, however, limited experience with SCR in China. It is therefore useful to explore the lessons from the use of SCR technologies in other countries. This paper provides an overview of SCR technology performance at coal-fired electric power plants demonstrating emission removal rates between 65% and 92%. It also reviews the design and operational challenges that, if not addressed, can reduce the reliability, performance, and cost-effectiveness of SCR technologies. These challenges include heterogeneous flue gas conditions, catalyst degradation, ammonia slip, sulfur trioxide (SO ) formation, and fouling and corrosion of plant equipment. As China and the rest of the world work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions from parasitic load and urea-to-ammonia conversion may also become more important. If these challenges are properly addressed, SCR can reliably and effectively remove up to 90% of NO emissions at coal-fired power plants.

Keywords： nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>)     coal     selective catalytic reduction (SCR)     air pollution    

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Rh<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>/hexagonal CePO<sub>4sub> nanocatalysts for N<sub>2sub>O decomposition

Huan Liu, Zhen Ma

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 586-593 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1659-6

Abstract: Hexagonal CePO nanorods were prepared by a precipitation method and hexagonal CePO nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 150 °C. Rh(NO ) was then used as a precursor for the impregnation of Rh O onto these CePO materials. The Rh O supported on the CePO nanowires was much more active for the catalytic decomposition of N O than the Rh O supported on CePO nanorods. The stability of both catalysts as a function of time on stream was studied and the influence of the co-feed (CO , O , H O or O /H O) on the N O decomposition was also investigated. The samples were characterized by N adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, oxygen temperature-programmed desorption, and CO temperature-programmed desorption in order to correlate the physicochemical and catalytic properties.

Keywords： Rh<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>     CePO<sub>4sub>     N<sub>2sub>O decomposition    

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spp., foodborne pathogens threatening neonates and infants

Qiming CHEN, Yang ZHU, Zhen QIN, Yongjun QIU, Liming ZHAO

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 330-339 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018208

Abstract:

Cronobacter spp.Cronobacter spp. can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low waterTherefore, Cronobacter spp. have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well asreview, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp

Keywords： Cronobacter spp.    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Identification and ecotoxicity assessment of intermediates generated during the degradation of clofibric acid by advanced oxidation processes

Wenzhen LI, Yu DING, Qian SUI, Shuguang LU, Zhaofu QIU, Kuangfei LIN

Journal Article

The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Journal Article

Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish

Hongyan SHEN, Jixi GAO, Jinsheng WANG

Journal Article

Synthesis of

Lili ZHANG, Ming LIU, Shijun MA, Yaodong HUANG, Yongmei WANG

Journal Article

Effects of different sediment fractions on sorption of galaxolide

Lixia JIN, Mengchang HE, Jinghuan ZHANG

Journal Article

Separation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from crude tea polyphenols by using Cellulose diacetate graft

Hong ZHU, Peiyong QIN

Journal Article

Ductile extension of 3-D external circumferential cracks in pipe structures

Wuchao YANG, Xudong QIAN

Journal Article

H<sub>∞sub> control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

Yundong SHI, Tracy C BECKER, Masahiro KURATA, Masayoshi NAKASHIMA

Journal Article

Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Journal Article

Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Journal Article

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Journal Article

A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Journal Article

Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Journal Article

Rh<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>/hexagonal CePO<sub>4sub> nanocatalysts for N<sub>2sub>O decomposition

Huan Liu, Zhen Ma

Journal Article

spp., foodborne pathogens threatening neonates and infants

Qiming CHEN, Yang ZHU, Zhen QIN, Yongjun QIU, Liming ZHAO

Journal Article